Robert Hooke

8th April 2001 updated 5th March 2011

Forgotten Scientist

18th July 1635 - 3rd March 1703

Fellow of the Royal Society, Architect, Surveyor, Astronomer, Scientist, Inventor,
Musician, Mechanic, Professor of Geometry, Philosopher, Linguist

Hooke was involved in a wide variety of scientific endeavours, he was a member of a circle of the greatest scientists of the seventeenth century, but despite a list of important inventions and discoveries, his memory has been almost wiped from the popular history of science by the followers of Newton, Wren, Boyle and Huygens, who argued with him, and rubbished his theories, possibly contributing to his later ill health.

He had natural gift for learning very quickly, and impressive dexterity. Which led him to excell at making all manner of mechanical apparatus, Indeed at one stage he even greatly improved the best water pumps in England, during a brief visit to the cambridge fens, in just a few days, with no previous preparation.

His professional science career, began as an assistant to Dr. Thomas Willis and later Robert Boyle, and he was also assistant to the Royal Society, where as Curator of Experiments, he had to give lectures and perform experiments requested by the fellows of the society. But it wasn't long before he was made a Professor himself, becoming Professor of Geometry at Gresham College, with this academic standing he was invited into the fellowship of the society, to become equals to the masters he once served.
He was the first salaried research scientist in Britain.
 

Inventions
Sprung Balance Wheel - for use in the wrist watch
Compound Microscope
Iris Diaphragm - (controls aperture in camera )
Wheel Barometer
Universal Joint (on the front, or turning wheels, of every motor vehicle)
The Anchor Escapement (for clocks)

 

 

Hooke was an enthusiastic inventor and descoverer, but he often got quickly bored. This led to some of his work being the prelude to a later triumph for another scientist and in his later years he became more secretive about his work.

Important Landmarks / Discoveries
Builder of the first Reflecting Telescope
Hooke's Law - relating to the spring balance
First to suggest rotation of Jupiter (1664)
First to observe the Rotation of Mars
Correctly Proposed the Earth's gravitational attraction to the Sun (1679)
Alleged to have contrived several methods of flight
Works out the number of vibrations for each musical note (1664)
Assisted Otto Guericke in improvements to the Air Pump
Suggestion of a Wave Theory of Light (1665)
Invented the biological term " Cell "
Published Observations of Lunar Craters (1665)
Makes detailed Drawings of Mars which enabled the period of rotation to be confirmed 200 years later (1666)
Suggests the measurement of gravity by Pendulum (1666)
One of the first to observe a Binary Star System
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Hooke is less well remembered, as an architect, than his Contemporary Sir Christopher Wren, because very few of his buildings remain today.
Notable Architecture
The Royal College Of Physicians building (1679)
The Bethlehem Hospital {aka Bedlam}
Assisted Christopher Wren with the Royal Observatory at Greenwich
the Monument to the great fire of London (with Wren)
Ragley Hall, Warwickshire - Still Standing
Willen Church, Buckinghamshire - Still Standing

Unfortunately Robert Hook was another genius, who died friendless and alone, suffering from various medical conditions, possibly due to the onset of Diabetes. After his death all his portraits were discarded, and later even his remains were lost. Now we have no surviving picture of Robert Hooke, only a couple of descriptions. It is known that he was exhumed and reburied somewhere in north london.
There is currently a small resergence of intrest in Robert Hooke, and Professor Michael Cooper of City University, London is trying to trace Hooke's remains, so that his skull can be reconstructed and a likeness made of his face. He is hoping to benefit the reputation of Hooke by finally giving him a face.

There is now a Hooke Museum in his birth town of Freshwater on the Isle of Wight

Why not visit this Robert Hooke Website ? ?
 
 

Other Unorthodox / Forgotton Scientists Celebrated on this Web Site

Nikola Tesla - inventor of Radio, Transformers, AC power, Hydroelectric power...
Dr. Wilhelm Reich - Cloudbuster          De Selby - The Savant
John Ernst Worrel Keeley - Sympathetic Vibration Physics
Christiaan Huygens - Pendulums, Lenses, Astronomy

Thank you for Visiting
The Engine at
www.thewookie.co.uk/science/bobhooke.html